✎ sanboot:winnt_iscsi_debug - Etherboot/gPXE Wiki

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====== Debugging Windows iSCSI boot ======

{{ :nullmodem.jpeg?200x200|A null-modem cable}}

To debug Windows iSCSI boot problems, you will need a second Windows machine running //windbg//, and a null-modem cable to connect the two machines together via their serial ports.  The debugging machine does not need to be running the same version of Windows as the iSCSI-booting machine.

This tutorial is designed to help you capture the information that will be needed to diagnose your iSCSI boot problems.

===== Preparing the machines =====

Connect the null-modem cable between the serial port of the debugging machine and the serial port of the iSCSI-booting machine.  (If one or both of the machines do not have serial ports then you can use a FireWire cable instead, but these instructions assume that you are using a null-modem cable.)

===== Preparing the tools =====

Download the latest version of //windbg// as part of the Debugging Tools for Windows package from [[http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/devtools/debugging/installx86.mspx]] and install it onto the debugging machine.

Locate the Microsoft iSCSI initiator (which you have already downloaded and installed on the iSCSI-booting machine), and install it onto the debugging machine.

===== Preparing the iSCSI-booting machine =====

On the debugging machine, start the Microsoft iSCSI Initiator utility (//Start// -> //All Programs// -> //Microsoft iSCSI Initiator// -> //Microsoft iSCSI Initiator//).  Go to the //Discovery// tab and click on //Add// to add a new target portal.  Enter the IP address or DNS name of your iSCSI target.

{{ :screenshots:windbg_iscsi_add_target.png?400x300 |Adding an iSCSI target}}

Go to the //Targets// tab.  You should see a list of available iSCSI target IQNs.  Select the one containing your iSCSI-bootable Windows disk, and click on //Log On// to connect to the target.

{{ :screenshots:windbg_iscsi_connect_target.png?400x300 |Connecting to the iSCSI target}}

The iSCSI-bootable Windows disk should now show up as an extra drive in //My Computer// on the debugging machine.  Start up //Notepad// and open the file //X:\boot.ini// (where //X:// is the drive letter for the iSCSI-bootable Windows disk).  You should see something like

    [boot loader]
    timeout=30
    default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS
    [operating systems]
    multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Windows Server 2003" /fastdetect

Duplicate the ''multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)...'' line, and append the options

    /debug /debugport=com1 /baudrate=115200 /break

(where //com1// is the serial port on the iSCSI-booting machine).  The resulting file should look something like

    [boot loader]
    timeout=30
    default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS
    [operating systems]
    multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Windows Server 2003" /fastdetect
    multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Windows Server 2003" /fastdetect /debug /debugport=com1 /baudrate=115200 /break

Save this modified //boot.ini// file and close //Notepad//.  Go back to the Microsoft iSCSI Initiator utility.  On the //Targets// tab, select the one containing your iSCSI-bootable Windows disk, and click on //Details//.  Tick the box next to the session identifier (which will be a long hex string such as //ffffffff810ca00c-4000013700000001//), and click on //Log off// to disconnect from the target.

{{ :screenshots:windbg_iscsi_disconnect_target.png?400x300 |Disconnecting from the iSCSI target}}

===== Starting the iSCSI-booting machine =====

{{ :screenshots:windbg_select_debug.png?360x200|Windows boot menu}}

Switch on the iSCSI-booting machine.  You should reach the Windows boot menu offering you a choice such as

    Please select the operating system to start:
    
        Windows Server 2003
        Windows Server 2003 [debugger enabled]

Select the option which includes "[debugger enabled]", and press Enter to continue.  You should see the screen go black, and the machine will appear to have frozen.  This is because it is waiting to be controlled by the debugging machine.

===== Using the debugger =====

On the debugging machine, start the Windows debugger (//Start// -> //All Programs// -> //Debugging Tools for Windows// -> //WinDbg//).  Start a kernel debugging session (//File// -> //Kernel Debug//).  After a brief pause, you should see several messages appear, ending with

    Break instruction exception - code 80000003 (first chance)
    nt!DbgBreakPoint:
    8081d971 cc              int     3

{{ :screenshots:windbg_start.png?400x300 |Windows debugger attaching}}

Allow the iSCSI-booting machine to continue using //Debug// -> //Go//.  After several seconds, you should see iSCSI boot messages start to appear.  For a successful boot, these will look something like

    IscsiBP-IscsiBPInitialize: enter
    IscsiBP iBF table found at FC564950 (FC545000)
    IscsiBP iBF table copied to E12B9A08
    IscsiBP Found device \??\PCI#VEN_10EC&DEV_8139&SUBSYS_00000000&REV_20#3&13c0b0c5&0&18#{cac88484-7515-4c03-82e6-71a87abac361}
    IscsiBP Handle 800000B4 has IpAddress 10.254.254.15
    Subnetmask Prefix - 24 is 00 ff ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
    IscsiBP Handle 800000B4 has SubnetMask 255.255.255.0
    IscsiBP Handle 800000B4 has DefaultGateway 10.254.254.2
    IscsiBP nic 0 config -> 0
    IscsiBP-IscsiBPInitialize: exit
    Found iSCSI Boot Parameters at 810CABA0, attempting iSCSI boot
    Allocating the Boot Connection Pool of size 30
    Allocating Connection Pool 810C5F10
    Allocating the Boot Connection Pool entry 0 SUCCESS
    Allocating the Boot Connection Pool entry 1 SUCCESS
    ...
    Waiting 60 seconds for boot disk
    iSpSystemWorkerThread: Entering
    iSpSystemWorkerThread:  Coming out of wait
    iSpSystemWorkerThread: Start Logon Completion Thread 810C7008
    Delay 10 seconds for Disk to arrive.......
    iSpSystemWorkerThread:  After Logon Completion Thread
    Delay for Disk Complete, continue with boot
    NIC device \??\PCI#VEN_10EC&DEV_8139&SUBSYS_00000000&REV_20#3&13c0b0c5&0&18#{cac88484-7515-4c03-82e6-71a87abac361} has PCI bus type
    ISCSI Boot Status 0, (0, 0, 0, 0)

If you are using [[:sanbootconf|sanbootconf]] then a successful boot will look something like

    iSCSI Boot Parameter Driver initialising
    Found iBFT at 9cfb0 OEM ID "FENSYS" OEM table ID "gPXE"
    Found iBFT Initiator 0:
      Flags = 0x3, valid, boot selected
      iSNS = 0.0.0.0
      SLP = 0.0.0.0
      Radius = 0.0.0.0, 0.0.0.0
      Name = iqn.2000-01.org.etherboot:host_10_0_0_90.home
    Found iBFT NIC 0:
      Flags = 0x3, valid, boot selected
      IP = 10.0.0.90/24
      Origin = 0
      Gateway = 10.0.0.6
      DNS = 10.0.0.6, 0.0.0.0
      DHCP = 0.0.0.0
      VLAN = 0000
      MAC = 52:54:00:33:22:11
      PCI = 00:03.0
      Hostname = host_10_0_0_90.home
    Found NIC with MAC address 52:54:00:33:22:11 at "\??\PCI#VEN_10EC&DEV_8139&SUBSYS_00000000&REV_20#3&13c0b0c5&0&18#{ad498944-762f-11d0-8dcb-00c04fc3358c}\{7C0E3A80-E8E7-4B81-933E-C997BF973430}"
    iBFT NIC 0 is interface "\??\PCI#VEN_10EC&DEV_8139&SUBSYS_00000000&REV_20#3&13c0b0c5&0&18#{ad498944-762f-11d0-8dcb-00c04fc3358c}\{7C0E3A80-E8E7-4B81-933E-C997BF973430}"
    iBFT NIC 0 is PDO 8124DCF8
    iBFT NIC 0 is NetCfgInstanceId "{7C0E3A80-E8E7-4B81-933E-C997BF973430}"
    Found iBFT target 0:
      Flags = 0x3, valid, boot selected
      IP = 10.0.0.6
      Port = 3260
      LUN = 0000-0000-0000-0000
      CHAP type = 0 (None)
      NIC = 0
      Name = iqn.2006-05.home.dolphin:winxp
      CHAP name = 
      CHAP secret = 
      Reverse CHAP name = 
      Reverse CHAP secret = 
    iSCSI Boot Parameter Driver initialisation complete
    iSCSI boot parameters requested
    iSCSI boot parameters requested
    Found iSCSI Boot Parameters at 81208008, attempting iSCSI boot
    Allocating the Boot Connection Pool of size 30
    Allocating Connection Pool 81205850
    Allocating the Boot Connection Pool entry 0 SUCCESS
    Allocating the Boot Connection Pool entry 1 SUCCESS
    ...
    Waiting 60 seconds for boot disk
    iSpSystemWorkerThread: Entering
    iSpSystemWorkerThread:  Coming out of wait
    iSpSystemWorkerThread: Start Logon Completion Thread 81205008
    Delay 10 seconds for Disk to arrive.......
    iSpSystemWorkerThread:  After Logon Completion Thread
    Will notify BusChangeDetected
    Delay for Disk Complete, continue with boot
    ISCSI Boot Status 0, (0, 0, 0, 0)

For an unsuccessful boot, the messages will end with a "Bugcheck Analysis"; this is the debugging equivalent of the Blue Screen of Death that occurs when the debugger is not attached.

===== Using the output from the debugger =====

Save the debugging transcript to a file using //Edit// -> //Write Window Text to File//.

You can e-mail the saved debugging transcript to <etherboot-discuss@lists.sourceforge.net>, along with any other information that you think may be relevant.  Please note that the debugging transcript is the most important information; if you provide a full description of your setup and your problem, but do not provide the debugging transcript, then we will probably not be able to solve your problem.

You can also often find us in the #etherboot IRC channel on FreeNode.

====== Common problems ======

{{ :screenshots:win2k3_iscsi_install.png?400x300|Installing the Microsoft iSCSI initiator}}

  * Did you download and install the special boot-capable Microsoft iSCSI initiator as documented in [[:sanboot:winnt_iscsi|Adding iSCSI boot support to Microsoft Windows]]?  If you installed the standard (non-boot-capable) Microsoft iSCSI initiator, then you will not be able to boot via iSCSI.

  * Did you install the checked build (the file ending in //-x86chk.exe//)?  If you installed the free build (the file ending in //-x86fre.exe//, then you may not see any diagnostic messages.

  * When you installed the boot-capable Microsoft iSCSI initiator, did you tick the option to "Configure iSCSI Network Boot Support" and select the correct network card to be used for iSCSI boot?  ((This option is not available on Windows XP; you will need to also download and install [[:sanboot:winnt_iscsi_sanbootconf|sanbootconf]] in order to boot via iSCSI.))

  * If you are using Windows XP, did you download and install [[:sanboot:winnt_iscsi_sanbootconf|sanbootconf]] in addition to the boot-capable Microsoft iSCSI initiator?

  * If you are using iSCSI CHAP authentication, are all passwords at least 12 characters long?  (The Microsoft iSCSI initiator will refuse to attempt authentication with shorter passwords.)

===== VMware-specific problems =====

VMware has a nasty habit of changing the PCI bus:dev.fn number assigned to the virtual NIC, which breaks the Windows driver bindings and so prevents a successful iSCSI boot.  In most cases, you should ensure that the ''.vmx'' file for the VM that you are attempting to boot via iSCSI contains

    scsi0.present = "TRUE"

even though there is no local hard disk attached.((VMware seems to assign PCI bus:dev.fn numbers dynamically.  If you have a hard disk and NIC both present, then VMware will typically assign the hard disk controller as PCI device 00:10.0 and the NIC as PCI device 00:11.0.  You perform the Windows installation within the VM, then detach the hard disk, transfer the contents of the virtual hard disk to your iSCSI target, and try to boot from it.  Since you have detached the hard disk, VMware will now assign the NIC as PCI device 00:10.0, Windows will fail to enumerate the NIC, and the iSCSI boot will fail.  By setting

    scsi0.present="TRUE"

you can force VMware to create a hard disk controller (with no disks attached) as PCI device 00:10.0, and so return the NIC to being PCI device 00:11.0, as Windows expects.))

====== Other useful techniques ======

===== Displaying the boot driver list =====

The Windows Sysinternals [[http://live.sysinternals.com/LoadOrd.exe|LoadOrd.exe]] utility can be used to produce a list of boot drivers on your system, which should look something like:

  Start Group                  Tag  Service   Display Name
  ~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~+~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~~~
  Boot Boot Bus Extender       1    ACPI      Microsoft ACPI Driver
  Boot Boot Bus Extender       2    PCI       PCI Bus Driver
  Boot Boot Bus Extender       3    isapnp    PnP ISA/EISA Bus Driver
  Boot Boot Bus Extender       5    ACPIEC    Microsoft Embedded Controller Driver
  Boot System Bus Extender     6    Compbatt  Microsoft Composite Battery Driver
  Boot System Bus Extender     4    IntelIde
  Boot System Bus Extender     1    Pcmcia
  Boot System Bus Extender     8    MountMgr  Mount Point Manager
  Boot System Bus Extender     9    Ftdisk    Volume Manager Driver
  Boot System Bus Extender     12   dmload
  Boot System Bus Extender     13   dmio      Logical Disk Manager Driver
  Boot System Bus Extender     5*   PartMgr   Partition Manager
  Boot System Bus Extender     n/a* VolSnap
  Boot NDIS Wrapper            n/a* NDIS      NDIS System Driver
  Boot NDIS                    13   E1000     Intel(R) PRO/1000 Adapter Driver
  Boot Base                    1    KSecDD
  Boot Base                    20   iscsiboot
  Boot PNP_TDI                 5    IPSec     IPSEC driver
  Boot PNP_TDI                 3    Gpc       Generic Packet Classifier
  Boot PNP_TDI                 4    Tcpip     TCP/IP Protocol Driver
  Boot PNP_TDI                 7    PSched    QoS Packet Scheduler
  Boot SCSI miniport           25   atapi     Standard IDE/ESDI Hard Disk Controller
  Boot SCSI Class              2    Disk      Disk Driver
  Boot FSFilter Infrastructure 1    FltMgr    FltMgr
  Boot Filter                  n/a* PxHelp20  PxHelp20
  Boot n/a*                    n/a* BTKRNL    Bluetooth Protocol Stack
  Boot n/a*                    n/a* iScsiPrt  iScsiPort Driver
  Boot Network*                2*   Mup       Mup
  Boot n/a*                    n/a* ohci1394  Texas Instruments OHCI Compliant IEEE 1394 Host Controller

You need to run //LoadOrd.exe// on the system that you will attempt to boot via iSCSI, **before** transferring the disk image to the iSCSI target.
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