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soc:2009:lynusvaz:notes:scripting_doc:features_added [2009/08/05 09:30]
lynusvaz created
soc:2009:lynusvaz:notes:scripting_doc:features_added [2009/08/16 00:19] (current)
lynusvaz
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-The features mentioned here are NOT YET part of mainline gPXE, and are still under development. The modified code can be found in my git repository, in the [[http://​git.etherboot.org/?​p=people/​lynusvaz/​gpxe.git;​a=shortlog;​h=refs/​heads/​offset|offset]] branch.+=====Scripting Features===== 
 +The features mentioned here are NOT YET part of mainline gPXE, and are still under development. The modified code can be found in my git repository, in the [[http://​git.etherboot.org/?​p=people/​lynusvaz/​gpxe.git;​a=shortlog;​h=refs/​heads/​expt|expt]] branch.
  
-Scripting features:+  - Identifiers 
 +  - Arithmetic evaluator 
 +  - Quoting 
 +  - Branches 
 +  - Return code 
 +  - Loops
  
-1. Identifiers +====Identifiers==== 
-2. Arithmetic evaluator +See the Identifiers section at: [[http://​etherboot.org/​wiki/​commandline]],​ for the basic syntax of an identifier. The new code allows identifiers to be '​nested',​ like: 
-3. Quoting +  set i 0 
-4. Return code of commands +  echo ${net${i}/​ip} 
-5. Branches +will print the IP address of the net0 interface. Arithmetic operations (see 2) can also be performed within the ${}: 
-6. Loops +E.g.: 
- +  set i 0 
-1. See the Identifiers section at: [[http://​etherboot.org/​wiki/​commandline]],​ for the basic syntax of an identifier. The new code allows identifiers to be '​nested',​ like: +  echo ${net$(${i}+1)/​ip} 
-set i 0 +will print the IP address of the net1 interface (if it exists).
-echo ${net${i}/​ip} +
-will print the IP address of the net0 interface.+
  
-2. Arithmetic expressions can be evaluated by placing them within $(). +====Arithmetic Evaluation==== 
-The usual C operators ​(except assignment) ​are supported ​with their usual precendence. Alsostring comparison is permitted. +Arithmetic expressions can be evaluated by placing them within $(). 
-Identifiers are expanded by placing them within ${}.+The following ​operators are supported ​(in order of decreasing precedence):​ 
 +  - !~          (logical NOT and bitwise negation) 
 +  - *, /, %       ​(multiplication,​ division, and modulo) 
 +  - +, -          (addition, subtraction) 
 +  - <<, >> ​       (left- and right-shift) 
 +  - <, <=, >, >=  (inequality) 
 +  - !=, ==        (equal, not equal) 
 +  - &             ​(bitwise AND) 
 +  - |             ​(bitwise OR) 
 +  - ^             ​(bitwise EX-OR) 
 +  - && ​           (logical AND) 
 +  - ||            (logical OR) 
 +The == and != operators also act on strings. ​Identifiers are expanded by placing them within ${}.
 E.g.: E.g.:
-echo $(1 + 2) +  ​echo $(1 + 2) 
-set a 15 +  set a 15 
-echo $(${a} * 3 + 5) +  echo $(${a} * 3 + 5) 
-echo $( ${net0/ip} != ""​ )+  echo $( ${net0/ip} != ""​ ) 
 +Output: 
 +  3 
 +  50 
 +  1
  
-3. Quoting:+====Quoting====
 The \ is used as an escape character. The following sequences are recognised: The \ is used as an escape character. The following sequences are recognised:
-\<​space>​ Treats the space as part of the command-line argument +  * \<​space>​ Treats the space as part of the command-line argument 
-\<​tab>​ Ditto +  ​* ​\<​tab>​ Ditto 
-\<​newline>​ Concatenates the next line to the current line. Both the \ and the newline character are removed +  ​* ​\<​newline>​ Concatenates the next line to the current line. Both the \ and the newline character are removed 
-\\ A literal \ +  ​* ​\<any other character>​ Removes the special meaning of the character (if any) 
-\<any other character>​ Removes the special meaning of the character (if any) +Within single-quotes,​ all characters lose their special meaning. Within double-quotes,​ the \ and $ retain their special meaning. Single- and double-quotes allow you to use a newline character in a command-line argument.
- +
-Within single-quotes,​ all characters lose their special meaning. Within double-quotes,​ the \ and $ retain their special meaning.+
 E.g.: E.g.:
-set message ​'Hello World' +  ​set message ​"Hello World" 
-echo '​${message} = '​${message} +  echo '​${message} = '​${message} 
-set message Hello\ \ World +  set message Hello\ \ World 
-set message Hello\ World\ \#​1 #'​Hello World #1' is treated as a single argument +  echo ${message} 
-echo 'Hello  +  ​set message Hello\ World\ \#​1 #'​Hello World #1' is treated as a single argument 
-World'​ +  echo ${message} 
-echo Hello \ +  ​echo '​Hello 
-World +  World' ​ # Will introduce a newline between Hello and World 
-echo It\'s good to see you!+  echo Hello \ 
 +  World 
 +  echo It\'s good to see you! 
 +Output: 
 +  ${message} = Hello World 
 +  Hello  World 
 +  Hello World #1 
 +  Hello 
 +  World 
 +  Hello World 
 +  It's good to see you!
  
-4. The return code of the previous statement can be checked using the ${rc} variable. +====Branches====
-A value of 0 means that the command completed successfully,​ while any other value means the command was not successful. +
- +
-5. Branches:+
 The keywords if, else and fi are used to branch command execution: The keywords if, else and fi are used to branch command execution:
-if <​condition>​ +  ​if <​condition>​ 
- <​statements>​ +      <​statements>​ 
-fi+  fi
  
-if <​condition>​ +  ​if <​condition>​ 
- <​statements>​ +      <​statements>​ 
-else #​optional +  else #​optional 
- <​statements>​ +      <​statements>​ 
-fi+  fi
  
 A try-catch block is a special kind of branch. A try-catch block is a special kind of branch.
-try +  ​try 
- <​crucial statements>​ #​Call this statment sequence A +      <crucial statements>​ #​Call this statment sequence A 
-catch +  catch 
- <backup statements>​ #​Call this statement sequence B +      <backup statements>​ #​Call this statement sequence B 
-done +  done 
-The statements in sequence A are executed one by one. If any of them fails, execution branches immediately to sequence B.+The statements in sequence A are executed one by one. If any of them fails, execution branches immediately to sequence B. If all the statements in sequence A are executed successfully,​ execution skips sequence B, and continue after the done statement.
  
 E.g.: E.g.:
-if $( ${filename} == ""​) +  ​if $( ${filename} ​!""​ && ${server} != ""​) 
- echo "No filename"​ +   chain tftp://​${server}//​${filename} 
-else +  ​else 
- chain tftp://​${server}//​${filename} +  echo "No filename"​ 
-fi+  ​fi 
 +will first check that neither filename and server are not empty, before attempting to boot. If either is empty, display an error message.
  
-try +  ​try 
- kernel tftp://​${server}//​${kernel} +   kernel tftp://​${server}//​${kernel} 
- initrd tftp://​${server}//​${initrd} +   initrd tftp://​${server}//​${initrd} 
- boot +   boot 
-catch +  catch 
- echo "Oops: ${rc}"​ +   echo "Oops: ${rc}"​ 
-done+  done 
 +will attempt to boot using the given kernel and initrd. If any of the three commands fail, it displays a message.
  
-6While and for loops have been added+====Return Code==== 
-while <​condition>​ +The return code of the previous statement can be checked using the ${rc} variable. 
-do +A value of 0 means that the command completed successfully,​ while any other value means the command was not successful. 
- <​statements>​ + 
-done+E.g.: 
 +  dhcp net0 
 +  if $( ${rc} != 0 ) 
 +      echo "DHCP failed"​ 
 +  else 
 +      chain http://​etherboot.org/​gtest/​gtest.gpxe # (Tom's Root Boot disk) 
 +  fi 
 + 
 +====Loops==== 
 +You can use while and for loops as
 +  while <​condition>​ 
 +  do 
 +   <​statements>​ 
 +  done
 The while loop executes the statement block while the condition is true. The while loop executes the statement block while the condition is true.
  
-for <​variable>​ in <value list> +  ​for <​variable>​ in <value list> 
-do +  do 
- <​statements>​ +   <​statements>​ 
-done+  done
 The variable takes on each value in the value list one by one. The variable takes on each value in the value list one by one.
  
 E.g.: E.g.:
-set i 0 +  ​set i 0 
-while $( ${net${i}/​mac} != ""​ ) +  while $( ${net${i}/​mac} != ""​ ) 
-do +  do 
- dhcp net${i} +   dhcp net${i} 
- if $(${rc} == 0) +   if $(${rc} == 0) 
- chain tftp://​${server}//​${filename} +   chain tftp://​${server}//​${filename} 
- fi +   fi 
- set i $( ${i} + 1 ) +   set i $( ${i} + 1 ) 
-done +  done 
- +will attempt to get a dhcp connection on each valid interface, and if it is successful, boot using a given file.
-for i in 0 1 2 3 $(3 + 1) 5 +
-do +
- dhcp net${i} +
- if $(${rc} == 0) +
- chain tftp://​${server}//​${filename} +
- fi +
-done+
  
 +  for i in 0 1 2 3 5 $(6*3)
 +  do
 +        echo 'i =' ${i}
 +  done
 +displays:
 +  i = 0
 +  i = 1
 +  i = 2
 +  i = 3
 +  i = 5
 +  i = 18
 +A break statement will exit a loop, and a continue statement will start the next iteration of the loop.
 +  for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
 +  do
 +        if $(${i} == 3)
 +              continue
 +        fi
 +        echo 'i =' ${i}
 +        if $(${i} == 4)
 +              break      #This will exit the for loop, not just the if branch
 +        fi
 +  done
 +displays:
 +  i = 1
 +  i = 2
 +  i = 4
  

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