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====== Getting iSCSI booting to work with Ubuntu including logon and ibft support! ====== **Tested on the following releases:** * Lucid Lynx 10.04 * Maverick Meerkat 10.10 == For this example, I will use these values: == * iSCSI Qualified Name: iqn.2010-09.org.test:diskimg * Server ip: 192.168.1.1 * Client ip: 192.168.1.2 * iSCSI username: user * iSCSI password: password * Client disk image: /mnt/disk-images/disk.img ===== Client side setup (initiator): ===== On the client side, install a standard Ubuntu Desktop on a physical or virtual machine. If you use a virtual machine, make the sure disk image is in 'raw' format, meaning no headers or such on the image. If it is a valid raw image, you should be able to see the partition table with, for example “fdisk -l disk.img” or even the “disktype” command, like so: <code> $ disktype disk.img --- disk.img Regular file, size 6 GiB (6442450944 bytes) DOS/MBR partition map Partition 1: 5.858 GiB (6290407424 bytes, 12285952 sectors from 2048, bootable) Type 0x83 (Linux) Ext3 file system UUID 745D45C4-38FA-4B7C-85A3-71D37AE23AF3 (DCE, v4) Volume size 5.858 GiB (6290407424 bytes, 1535744 blocks of 4 KiB) Partition 2: 144 MiB (150994944 bytes, 294912 sectors from 12288000) Type 0x82 (Linux swap / Solaris) Linux swap, version 2, subversion 1, 4 KiB pages, little-endian Swap size 144.0 MiB (150986752 bytes, 36862 pages of 4 KiB) </code> ==== Use the following steps to make the Ubuntu client iSCSI capable: ==== == Paste the following code into a new file called /etc/initramfs-tools/hooks/iscsi: == <code> #!/bin/sh PREREQ="" prereqs() { echo "$PREREQ" } case $1 in prereqs) prereqs exit 0 ;; esac # Begin real processing below this line if [ ! -x /sbin/iscsistart ]; then exit 0 fi . /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hook-functions copy_exec /sbin/iscsistart /sbin # Disable stuff than can affect the network interface chmod -x /usr/lib/pm-utils/power.d/disable_wol # affects usb network adapters chmod -x /sbin/iscsid # iscsid will interfere by re-discovering if [ -e /lib/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules ]; then rm /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules # prevent renaming of the network interfaces rm /lib/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules # prevent re-creating the above rule fi # pcmcia/cardbus networking copy_modules_dir kernel/drivers/pcmcia copy_modules_dir kernel/drivers/net/pcmcia for x in pcmcia_core pcmcia_rsrc yenta_socket pcmcia; do force_load ${x} done # usb networking copy_modules_dir kernel/drivers/net/usb # iscsi module dependencies for x in scsi_transport_iscsi libiscsi libiscsi_tcp iscsi_tcp \ crc32c iscsi_ibft; do force_load ${x} done </code> == Paste the following code into a new file called /etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-top/iscsi: == <code> #!/bin/sh # Check if are in the initramfs environment if [ "$BOOT" = "local" ]; then # Get any iscsi command line parameters - cmdline parsing template taken from init script in initramfs for x in $(cat /proc/cmdline); do case $x in iscsi_ip=*) iscsi_ip=${x#iscsi_ip=} ;; iscsi_iqn=*) iscsi_iqn=${x#iscsi_iqn=} ;; iscsi_user=*) iscsi_user=${x#iscsi_user=} ;; iscsi_pw=*) iscsi_pw=${x#iscsi_pw=} ;; esac done # end of cmdline parsing if [ -n "${iscsi_ip}" ]; then iscsi_name='iqn.2000-09.org.local:UNKNOWN' fi # Check if an iscsi environment exists and start up the networking environment if [ -e /sys/firmware/ibft/target0/target-name -o -n "${iscsi_ip}" ]; then udevadm settle --timeout=30 # wait for netcard sleep 5 # wait some more udevadm settle --timeout=30 # wait for netcard # Bringing the link up can be a pain. Some network cards take a long time. echo "Searching for an ip address on all network interfaces..." for netdev in `ifconfig -a|grep Ethernet|cut -d' ' -f1`; do CNT=5 # Try so many times before giving up until ifconfig ${netdev}|grep -q "inet addr"; do #ip link set ${netdev} mtu 2500 # Optional: increase mtu for performance ip link set ${netdev} up # try to bring up the interface ipconfig -t 2 -c dhcp -d ${netdev} # Get an IP CNT=$((${CNT} - 1)) if [ ${CNT} = 0 ]; then break; fi echo "Tries left for interface ${netdev}: ${CNT}" done # end of until if ifconfig -a|grep -q "inet addr"; then break; fi # If we have got an address, stop searching. done # end of net device probing if ! ifconfig -a|grep -q "inet addr"; then break; fi # If we cannot get an ip, give up. if [ -e /sys/firmware/ibft/target0/target-name ]; then #iscsistart -b # This should get the ibft parameters but it does not yet. # Lets do the following instead iscsistart \ -i `cat /sys/firmware/ibft/initiator/initiator-name` \ -t `cat /sys/firmware/ibft/target0/target-name` \ -a `cat /sys/firmware/ibft/target0/ip-addr` \ -u `cat /sys/firmware/ibft/target0/chap-name` \ -w `cat /sys/firmware/ibft/target0/chap-secret` \ -g 1 else iscsistart -i ${iscsi_name} -t ${iscsi_iqn} -a ${iscsi_ip} -u ${iscsi_user} -w ${iscsi_pw} -g 1 fi # end of iscsi firmware check fi # end of iscsi env check fi # end of initramfs check </code> Make sure that eth0 is set to manual in /etc/network/interfaces so that Network Manager does not try to reconfigure the interface: <code> # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet manual </code> Then do these commands at the terminal: <code> sudo -s # Become root, if it asks for password, use the users password chmod +x /etc/initramfs-tools/hooks/iscsi # Make your hook script executable chmod +x /etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-top/iscsi # Make your script executable apt-get install open-iscsi open-iscsi-utils # Make sure you have the iscsi tools installed update-initramfs -u # Update initramfs with your changes, # the changes will also take effect even with upgrades </code> You are now finished with editing the client. Shutdown the client now. ==== Last step: Transfer the image to the server ==== You could just copy the image as is, but it is even smarter to make a sparse file. That way only actual data is copied and not the empty sectors. You can do this under linux with the cp command: <code> cp --sparse=always disk.img /media/server-data/disk-images/disk.img </code> If you installed to a physical machine, boot up the machine with a live linux cd, become root and do this command: <code> cp --sparse=always /dev/sda /media/server-data/disk-images/disk.img </code> ===== Server side setup (target): ===== I am assuming that you are using either Ubuntu or Debian linux on the server. Make sure you have a dhcp and a tftp server installed and that you have followed the directions for setting up gpxe on the dhcp server from etherboot.org. Install the "iscsitarget" package using this command: <code>sudo apt-get install iscsitarget</code> Assuming /mnt/disk-images/disk.img is your client image, create the /etc/ietf.conf file with the following contents: <code> Target iqn.2010-09.org.test:diskimg IncomingUser user password OutgoingUser Lun 0 Path=/mnt/disk-images/disk.img,IOMode=wb,Type=fileio </code> Make sure iscsitarget can start at boot by using this value in /etc/default/iscsitarget <code>ISCSITARGET_ENABLE=true</code> Make the gpxe script /tftpboot/iscsi.gpxe with these contents: <code> dhcp net0 set username user set password password sanboot iscsi:192.168.1.1::::iqn.2010-09.org.test:diskimg </code> Edit your dhcpd.conf file and make sure the following is in your gpxe section of the config file: <code> filename=iscsi.gpxe </code> That's it! Start your server by running "sudo /etc/init.d/iscsitarget restart" and boot your pxe client and see what happens. ===== BTRFS workaround ===== In order to work around the kernel oops when iscsi image files are residing on a btrfs file system, change the /etc/ietf.conf file as follows: <code> Target iqn.2010-09.org.test:diskimg IncomingUser user password OutgoingUser Lun 0 Path=/dev/loop0,IOMode=wb,Type=blockio </code> ...and create a loop device that points to the image: <code> losetup /dev/loop0 /mnt/disk-images/disk.img </code> Remember to restart the iscsitarget service. ===== Random Notes ===== * If you don't install any proprietary video drivers, then what you got here is an image that will boot from either iSCSI, USB, or any internal/external disk on any machine. * Since Ubuntu is Debian based, these steps should work with Debian too but I haven't tried it myself * If you can't use the ibft interface or need to load the kernel and initrd from another source than iscsi, then you can pass the following kernel command line arguments to get it to connect to iscsi: <code> iscsi_iqn= The iscsi qualifier name iscsi_ip= The target server's ip address iscsi_user= The username to login to the target server iscsi_pw= The password to login to the target server </code> * You cannot create sparse images if you copy to a windows or samba network share, use nfs/ssh/nc (netcat) instead. Here is an example with nc (netcat): Client side: <code> cat /dev/sda | nc -l -p 1234 </code> Server side: <code> nc <client-ip> 1234 | cp --sparse=always /dev/stdin disk.img </code> --- //Quinn Plattel 2010/10/13//


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